Linux Basic Commands

Dibawah ini adalah code Linux Basic Commands
ane yakin user linux pada pinter bahasa inggrisnya :D

• mkdir – make directories

    Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY…
    eg. mkdir lhn

•  ls – list directory contents

    Usage: ls [OPTION]… [FILE]…
    eg. ls, ls ­l, ls lhn

•  cd – changes directories

    Usage: cd [DIRECTORY]
    eg. cd lhn
    pwd ­-  print name of current working directory
    Usage: pwd

•  vim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor

    Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]…
    eg. vim lhn.txt

•  cp – copy files and directories

    Usage: cp [OPTION]… SOURCE DEST
    eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt
    cp sample_copy.txt target_dir

•  mv – move (rename) files

    Usage: mv [OPTION]… SOURCE DEST
    eg. mv source.txt target_dir
    mv old.txt new.txt
    rm ­ remove files or directories
    Usage: rm [OPTION]… FILE…
    eg. rm file1.txt , rm ­rf some_dir

•  find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
    eg. find file1.txt, find ­name file1.txt

•  history – prints recently used commands

    Usage: history

•  cat – concatenate files and print on the standard output

    Usage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]…
    eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt
    cat ­n file1.txt

•  echo – display a line of text

    Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] …
    eg. echo I love India
    echo $HOME

•  grep ­- print lines matching a pattern

    Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]…
    eg. grep ­i apple sample.txt

•  wc ­- print the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files

    Usage: wc [OPTION]… [FILE]…
    eg.  wc file1.txt
    wc ­L file1.txt

•  sort – sort lines of text files

    Usage: sort [OPTION]… [FILE]…
    eg. sort file1.txt
    sort ­r file1.txt

•  tar – to archive a file

    Usage: tar [OPTION] DEST SOURCE
    eg. tar ­cvf /home/archive.tar /home/original
    tar ­xvf /home/archive.tar

•  kill – to kill a process(using signal mechanism)

    Usage: kill [OPTION] pid
    eg. kill ­9 2275

•  ps – report a snapshot of the current processes

    Usage: ps [OPTION]
    eg. ps,  ps ­el

•  who – show who is logged on

    Usage: who [OPTION]
    eg. who , who ­b , who ­q

•  passwd – update  a user’s authentication tokens(s)

    Usage: passwd [OPTION]
    eg. passwd

•  su –  change user ID or become super­user

    Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]
    eg. su remo, su

•  chown – change file owner and group

    Usage: chown [OPTION]… OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE…
    eg. chown remo myfile.txt

•  chmod – change file access permissions

    Usage: chmod [OPTION] [MODE] [FILE]
    eg. chmod 744 calculate.sh

•  zip – package and compress (archive) files

    Usage: zip [OPTION] DEST SOURSE
    eg. zip original.zip original

•  unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    Usage: unzip filename
    eg. unzip original.zi

•  ssh – SSH client (remote login program)

    “ssh is a program for logging into a remote machine and for
    executing commands on a remote machine”
    Usage: ssh [options] [user]@hostname
    eg. ssh ­X guest@10.105.11.20

•  scp – secure copy (remote file copy program)

    “scp copies files between hosts on a network”
    Usage: scp [options] [[user]@host1:file1] [[user]@host2:file2]
    eg. scp file1.txt guest@10.105.11.20:~/Desktop/

•  fdisk – partition manipulator

    eg. sudo fdisk ­l

•  mount – mount a file system

    Usage: mount ­t type device dir
    eg. mount /dev/sda5 /media/target

•  umount – unmount file systems

    Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device…
    eg.  umount /media/target

•  du – estimate file space usage

    Usage:  du [OPTION]… [FILE]…
    eg. du

•  df – report filesystem disk space usage

    Usage: df [OPTION]… [FILE]…
    eg. df

•  quota – display disk usage and limits

    Usage: quota [OPTION]
    eg. quota ­v

•  reboot – reboot the system

    Usage: reboot [OPTION]
    eg. reboot
    poweroff – power off the system
    Usage: poweroff [OPTION]
    eg. poweroff

•  kate – KDE Advanced Text Editor

    Usage:  kate [options][file(s)]
    eg. kate file1.txt file2.txt

•  vim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor

    Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]…
    eg. vi hello.c
    gedit ­ A text Editor. Used to create and edit files.
    Usage: gedit [OPTION] [FILE]…
    eg. gedit

•  bg – make a foreground process to run in background

    Usage: type ‘ctrl+z’  and then ‘bg ‘

•  fg – to make background process as foreground process

    Usage: fg [jobid]

•  jobs – displays the names and ids of background jobs

    Usage: jobs
    sed ­  stream editor for filtering and transforming text
    Usage: sed [OPTION] [input­file]…
    eg. sed ‘s/love/hate/g’ loveletter.txt
    awk ­ pattern scanning and processing language
    eg.  awk ­F: ‘{ print $1 }’ sample_awk.txt
    find ­ search for files in a directory hierarchy
    Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
    eg. find ­name file1.txt

•  locate – find or locate a file

    Usage: locate [OPTION]… FILE…
    eg. locate file1.txt



Linux File Permissions

•  3 types of file permissions – read, write, execute

• 10 bit format from ‘ls ­l’ command

    1             2 3 4      5 6 7     8 9 10
    file type    owner     group    others
    eg. drwxrw­r­­   means owner has all three permissions,
    group has read and write, others have only read
    permission

•  read permission – 4, write – 2, execute ­1

    eg. rwxrw­r­­   = 764
    673    =   rw­rwx­wx